Theory 4:
Structural Adequacy and Reinforcement of Existing Shells,
 MEP Installations in Existing Structures.

The course is divided into two main topics:

A. Structural Adequacy and Reinforcement of Existing Shells

The primary objective of this section is to help architecture students understand the structural system of various building types and provide them with essential knowledge on preserving, restoring, protecting, upgrading, rehabilitating, repurposing, and utilizing existing buildings concerning their structural framework.

Additionally, the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach to this topic will be emphasized. By understanding the pathology of the individual structural elements that form a building’s framework, students will be able to propose targeted restoration solutions. Furthermore, information will be provided on new materials, including their properties and methods of use in reinforcement and restoration.

A fundamental aspect of conservation projects, distinguishing them from other construction works, is the sequential in-depth analysis of a historic building’s history, construction techniques, and structural evaluation. A new preliminary stage is introduced, preceding any intervention, focusing on identifying and documenting the structural system, mechanical properties of materials, existing damage, and overall structural assessment.

The course is structured into three main sections:

  1. Structural System Identification and Analysis

    • Understanding the significance of individual load-bearing elements, construction techniques, and material properties.
    • Documenting pathology and recognizing mechanisms of deterioration, damage, or failure.

  2. Typology of Structural Systems in Existing Buildings

    • Analysis of various structural types, including:
      • Load-bearing masonry (stone or brick)
      • Reinforced concrete structures
      • Steel-framed buildings
      • Timber-framed structures
      • Hybrid structural systems
    • Overview of relevant legal regulations for construction and restoration.

  3. Restoration and Reinforcement Techniques

    • Methods and procedures for maintaining, reinforcing, and restoring buildings.
    • Specific intervention technologies for historically significant and culturally valuable structures.
    • Case studies showcasing completed restoration and repurposing projects.

The course aims to equip students with the ability to assess existing buildings’ structural integrity and propose restoration strategies through a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach, essential for preserving architectural heritage.

B. MEP Installations in Existing Structures

Years of experience in building construction have highlighted the close relationship between architectural design and Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP) systems. A well-integrated approach enhances both the functionality and aesthetics of a building.

Collaboration between architects and MEP engineers is essential from the early stages of design to ensure that MEP installations align with the architectural vision. In cases of reconstruction, repurposing, or change of use, MEP design often presents additional challenges that must be resolved by the architect.

Legislation mandates early coordination between architecture and MEP design, starting at the preliminary design stage. The architect must consider all essential MEP requirements, including:

  • HVAC systems (heating, cooling, ventilation, exhaust)
  • Electrical installations (high and low voltage systems, substations, building automation)
  • Plumbing systems (water supply, drainage, gas supply)
  • Fire protection systems (active and passive fire protection, detection, suppression)
  • Vertical transportation systems (elevators, escalators)
  • Specialized installations (where applicable)

With the increasing importance of energy efficiency, architects must adapt to new building design models incorporating both passive and active energy systems. Consequently, architects need a solid understanding of:

  1. Space allocation for MEP equipment (boilers, HVAC units, gas boilers, solar panels, transformers, electrical panels, pumps, fire suppression systems, etc.).
  2. Relevant regulations governing MEP system design.
  3. Technical routes for MEP distribution networks (cabling, piping, ducts, etc.).
  4. Placement of internal MEP components (radiators, air conditioning units, ventilation systems, etc.).
  5. MEP system design methodologies (heating, cooling, plumbing, ventilation).

Proposed Teaching Modules

  • Fire Protection Systems (passive and active)
  • HVAC Systems (cooling, heating, ventilation, exhaust)
  • Electrical Systems (power distribution, low-voltage networks, substations)
  • Plumbing Systems (water supply, drainage, gas supply)
  • Other Installations (building automation, elevators, etc.)
  • Energy Efficiency in Buildings (KENAK compliance)

Each topic will include detailed discussions on MEP design considerations and integration with architectural planning.

This course ultimately aims to provide architects with a broader knowledge of MEP systems, enabling them to successfully address all aspects of their integration within both new and repurposed buildings.